Clinical observation of different surgical methods for metaphyseal sequelae of ulna / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and safety of ulnar osteochondroma resection, ulnar minimally invasive osteotomy, external fixation and ulnar lengthening in the treatment of forearm deformity of metaphyseal extension of ulna.@*METHODS@#From August 2005 to December 2013, there were 20 cases of ulnar metaphyseal sequelae, including 15 males and 5 females, aged from 7 to 13(10.00±2.34) years, the course of disease ranged for 6 to 11(8.10±1.52) months. The clinical manifestations were shortening of the affected forearm and bending to the ulnar side. The postoperative evaluation included pain, activities of daily living, orthopedic effect and the range of motion of wrist, elbow and forearm. The radiological evaluation included ulnar length, radial joint inclination angle and wrist epiphysis growth.@*RESULTS@#All patients healed without infection. The only operation related to complications was ulnar lengthening, including 1 case of nonunion, 2 cases of ulnar lengthening callus fracture and 1 case of temporary radial nerve palsy. All patients were followed up for 4 to 7.5 years, with an average of (6.03±1.33) years. There were statistically significant differences in changes of wrist radial deviation, ulnar deviation, forearm pronation and supination in all cases (@*CONCLUSION@#Ulnar lengthening is not beneficial to prevent the development of long-term deformity. Simple resection of osteochondroma of distal ulna is beneficial to prevent the development of deformity. Patients with limited rotation of wrist joint and forearm and strong demand for improvement of appearance can be actively treated.

Mangiferin ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting inflammation and regulatiing adipokine expression in adipocytes under hypoxic condition / 中国天然药物

Adipose tissue hypoxia has been recognized as the initiation of insulin resistance syndromes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mangiferin on the insulin signaling pathway and explore whether mangiferin could ameliorate insulin resistance caused by hypoxia in adipose tissue. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated under normal and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Protein expressions were analyzed by Western blotting. Inflammatory cytokines and HIF-1-dependent genes were tested by ELISA and q-PCR, respectively. The glucose uptake was detected by fluorescence microscopy. HIF-1α was abundantly expressed during 8 h of hypoxic incubation. Inflammatory reaction was activated by up-regulated NF-κB phosphorylation and released cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α. Glucose uptake was inhibited and insulin signaling pathway was damaged as well. Mangiferin substantially inhibited the expression of HIF-1α. Lactate acid and lipolysis, products released by glycometabolism and lipolysis, were also inhibited. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced and the damaged insulin signaling pathway was restored to proper functional level. The glucose uptake of hypoxic adipocytes was promoted and the dysfunction of adipocytes was relieved. These results showed that mangiferin could not only improve the damaged insulin signaling pathway in hypoxic adipocytes, but also ameliorate inflammatory reaction and insulin resistance caused by hypoxia.

Determination of hydromorphone in Beagle dogs plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a LC/MS/MS method for determination of hydromorphone (HYD) in Beagle dog plasma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After incubation with beta-glucuronidase for 16 h, an aliquot of 0.1 mL plasma was treated by liquid-liquid extraction. The analytes of interest were separated on a Zorbax SB C8 column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-water- formic acid (65: 35: 1). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source of MS was applied and operated in positive ion mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.80 - 200.0 microg x L(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 0.80 microg x L(-1). The inter-day and intra-day precision (RSD) was below 6.0%, and the accuracy (RE) was within 1% calculated from QC samples. The method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of HYD after a single oral administration of 4 mg HYD sustained release tablets to Beagle dogs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method was proved to be specific, sensitive, and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of HYD sustained release formulation.</p>